Cement-gravel mill and crusher



(No Model.)

J. M. RADEMAKER.

GEMENT-GRAVEL MILL AND GRUSHER. No. 590,423. Patented Sept. 21,1897.

1X macaw,

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN M. RADEMAKER, OF SAI\ FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA.

CEMENT-GRAVEL MILL AND CRUSHER.

I SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 590,423, dated September 21, I897.

' Application filed May 26,1897. Serial No. 638,210. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that 1, JOHN M. RADEMAKER, a citizen of the United States, residing in the city and county of San Francisco, State of California, have invented an Improvement in Cement-Gravel Mills and Crushers; and I hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same.

My invention relates to an apparatus which is especially designed for'the disintegration and separation of what is-known as cementgravel or packed material, which is in the nature of a conglomerate containing some gold-bearing gravel and a larger amount of rock or cobbles, to which the gravel is adherent and from which it is desired to separate the gravel instead of crushing the Whole mass, as is the practice where this material is worked by stamp-batteries and other crush- It may also be used for crush Figure 1 is a side elevation of my mill.

Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section on line y Fig. 3. Fig. 3 is a cross-section of the same. Fig. 4 is a detail of the device to lock the bars to the bands.

In the construction of my apparatus I em ploy cylindrical heads A A, having longitudinal bars B extending between them at intervals, so as to unite them. The cylinder may be of any suitable length and diameter. I have found that a length of about eight feet with a diameter of approximately twenty-six or twenty-seven inches is very suitable, but itwill be manifest that the sizes may be varied to suit the varying conditions under which the apparatus is to be worked. The heads A A have radial channels a made in them, and within these channels are fitted steel bars a, standing edgewise with about a qu ar ter-inch space between them. hen all the bars are in place, they form a cylinder, as previously described. The bars may. be approximately one and one-half inches deep by one-half inch thick, and at each end and at equal intervals between the ends they are surrounded by bands C. These bands fit into channels formed on the exterior of blocks or platesD. These plates or wedges D project between each pair of the bars a, and thus serve to hold them separate and prevent their springing apart in the interval between the ends of the cylinder. The fiangesinto which the bands 0 fit may overlap or otherwise bind them, so that when secured the whole are held firmly in place, and, if desired, the heads A may be drawn toward each other by means of screw-rods and nuts on the ends of the bars B, so that the whole structure will be held firmly together.

The outer ends of the heads A A have smooth cylindrical bearing-faces which are adapted to rest and be supported upon rollers E, and one of the heads has formed upon or fixed to it a beveled gearF,which is engaged by a pinion G upon the power-shaft, having beltpulleys or other means of communicating power to rotate the cylinder which rests upon the bearing-rollers E.

At the upper or inlet endof the cylinder is a hopper H, through which the material to be acted upon is delivered through the center of the head into the interior of the cylinder. The opening in, this head is formed through a flange A which is bolted to the cylinderhead, and is .made removable, so that when occasion requires access may be had to the interior of the cylinder.

A water-pipe I extends along above the cylinder and a little toone side and has a branch I,with a suitable controlling cook or faucet. This branch extends in through the upper part of the hopper H and has a rose or spray nozzle I on the inner end, through which the water may be discharged in spray into theinterior of the cylinder.

That portion of the pipe I which extends along, above, and exterior to the cylinder has jet-openings made upon the lower surface through which water is discharged through the bars forming the cylinder, the waterpassing to the interior as the cylinder rotates and falling approximately where the hammers strike. 1 is a hoodor cap covering this portion of the pipe, so as to prevent the water or spray from being dashed or thrown upwardly or away from the cylinder.

Beneath the cylinder is an inclined steel trough J, which inc-loses the lower half of the cylinder or such. portion as may be desired, and receives any material that passes through between the bars which form the cylinder. This trough discharges at the lower end into a sluice, where the material thus discharged is received for further treatment. The head A at the discharge end is provided with a series of large openings K for the discharge of large and uncrushed material and is preferably formed with a cylindrical extension K of smaller diameter than the cylinder, and the discharge-openings are made in the periphery of this reduced portion. A discharge spout or sluice K receives this large waste material and delivers it at one side of the machine.

Within the cylinder and secured to the longitudinal parallel bars a are clamps L, which are slidable along the bars and may be secured by set-screws or other means at any desired point. These clamps form the fulcrum-pieces into which the inner ends or arms of the hammers M are pivoted. The handles of these hammers are pivoted or hinged to the fulcrum pieces or lugs, so that they swing transversely within the barrel, and the fulcrum-lugs are so arranged around the barrel that they form one or more spirals from end to end of the barrel. I have found that two spiral rows fixed to the bars B on opposite sides of the barrel make a very good arrangement. These hammers being loosely hung to their hinge-lugs will fall and strike the mass in the cylinders as soon as the rotation carries them up upon the rising side of the cylinder until they overbalance beyond the fulcrum-point. They will then rest upon the bottom and sides until the hinge-points begin to pass across the upper partof the cylinder, when the hammers will hang suspended until they pass over to the opposite side,where' they rest, and thus pass through the lower arc of the circle until they again reach a point where they will swing about their fulcrumpoints by gravitation to strike another blow. These blows follow each other in rapid succession by reason of the double-spiral arrangement of the hammers. No surplus power is needed,asthehammers beingsuspended upon opposite sides of the cylinder practically counterbalance each other and the blow given by their falling by gravitation is sufficient to disintegrate the cemented material and separate it from the boulders or rocks and cobbles to which it is largely attached, also breaking it up fine enough so that it will pass between the spaces in the grizzly, as it is termed, and fallinto the sluice beneath. The cobbles are not struck with sufficient force to break them, and consequently pass out through the discharge openings K, previously described, while the water which is delivered into the cylinder is sufficient to wash the cobbles clean and to assist in the discharge of the pulverized or broken material through the intervals between the grate-bars.

It is seen by this construction that the bars forming the grate-surface of the cylinder can be easily removed or replaced by removing. the bands 0, and the spacing wedges or plates D always keep the bars a regular distance apart and practically form a solid circular connection at the intervals where they occur, so that the blows of the hammer or the wedging of any of the material between the bars will not get them out of shape. The adjustment of the hammers also enables me to use them in any desired order and to change the arrangement to suit conditions.

The bars when worn too much on the inside can be turned over by removing the bands, &c.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. An apparatus forcrushingvaluable material consisting of a cylinder composed of disks or heads at opposite ends, bars extending from end to end and fitting into radial slots in the heads, means for securing said bars in place and regulating the spaces between, consisting of wedge-plates fitting between the adjacent bars arranged in circles having outwardly-projectinglugs, and bands fitting in grooves 01'' channels in said lugs adapted to clamp them in place.

2. An apparatus for crushing valuable material consisting of longitudinal parallel spaced bars arranged cylindrically having their ends fitting in radial grooves or channels in heads situated at opposite ends of the cylinder, separating wedge-plates by which the distance between the bars is retained intermediate between the'heads, and bands by which said plates and the bars are removably secured in place, a feed-opening at one end of the cylinder, openings made around the opposite end adaptedto discharge the uncrushed cobbles, bearing-rollers upon which the cylinder is rotatable, a trough-or hopper inclosing the lower part of the cylinder adapted to receive the material passing through the bars having a discharge-passage at the lower end, means for rotating the cylinder, hammers hinged spirally upon opposite sides within the cylinder adapted to fall by gravitation as they pass up the rising sides beyond their fulcrum-points and to swing across the top and rest against the sides while passing through the lower arc whereby they operate automatically to crush the material passing through the cylinder.

3. An apparatus for crushing cement-gravel consisting of the longitudinally-channeled cylinder having a feed-opening at one end and a discharge-opening for the larger rocks at the opposite end, bearing-rollers upon which the cylinder is mounted at an inclination, hammers spirally hinged upon'opposite' sides of the interior of the cylinder, amechanism by which the cylinder is rotated upon its bearingrollers whereby the hammers alternately fall upon the bottom automatic ally after passing over their fulcrum-points so as to pulverize the contained passing material within the cylinder, a Water-pipe and spray for discharging water upon the material, said pipe having a protecting-hood, and a trough extending beneath the cylinder adapted to receive the crushed material, said trough having a discharge-opening at its lower end whereby the material may be collected.

4. An inclined rotary cylinder, the sides of which are formed with longitudinal channels or interspaced bars for the discharge of fine material, and a series of spirally-fulcrumed hammers extending from end to end Within the cylinder so as to fall successively by gravitation as the cylinder revolves.

5. An inclined rotary cylinder, the sides of which are formed with longitudinal channels or interspaced bars for the discharge of fine material, a series of spirally-fulcrumed hammers extending from end to end within the cylinder, so as to fall successively by gravitation as the cylinder revolves, and an extension of smaller diameter at the lower end of the cylinder with side openings for the discharge of large material.

6. An inclined rotary cylinder, the sides of which are formed with longitudinal interspaced removable and reversible bars, a series of spirally-fulcrurned hammers extending from end to end Within the cylinder so as to fall successively by gravitation as the cylinder revolves, an extension at the lower end of smaller diameter with peripheral openings for the discharge of large material, and an annular removable head at the upper end, with a centralfeed-opening.

In Witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand.

JOHN M. "RADEMAKER. \Vitnesses:

S. H. NoURsE, JESSIE O. BRODIE. 

